1100
Reign of
monarchsWilliam II Rufus ends (since 1087). monarchsHenry I ascends the throne.(to 1135)
Benign climatic
conditions in
`By 1100, the
Lambeth Palace - home of the
Archbishops ofbishopsArchbishop of
Early
12th.century: Hospital and Church founded by an ex-court jester turned monk. It
survives as the oldest remaining parish church in
The Danegeld aids under monarchsHenry I put
`The wording of
the earliest charter to the city of whose text survives, that granted by
monarchsHenry II, implies an earlier grant of commercial
privileges by monarchsHenry I, which can only have been purchased by
an organised group of townsmen. These may well have proceeded to restrict the
privileges so acquired to themselves and their heirs, and to others whom they
were prepared to admit to the circle, normally on payment of a fine...However
the freedom had a constitutional, as well as an economic aspect. In the twelfth
century and later, charters occur with references to the citizens (cives) of
1101
The Earldom of
Devon created for the first time by writ of the first Henry I, in favour of
Richard Fitz-Golbert, Sire de Redvers.[2] [this earldom extinct by 1293]
1103
bishopsExeterOsbern, bishop of
1107
King monarchsHenry
I and the pope agree that the former
should invest bishops with their temporal authority, and the latter with their
spiritual authority.
1125
William of , writing about the year 1125, speaks of
the greatness of the city of Exeter, the wealth of the citizens, the
concourse of strangers, and the throng of foreign merchants whose ships could
then reach the quay on the river.
1131
found churchesRievaulx Abbey, in north
1133
`The name of Hugh
de Auco (de Augo/Avigo/Eu) first appears as a member of the [
1135End
of monarchsHenry I's reign (since 1100). His nephew, of
1136
Stephen vainly
besieges
1139
Empress Matilda
lands to claim the throne. Civil war begins.
The Pope bans
crossbows: "... deathly and hateful to God, and unfit to be used by
Christians."[4]
1147
Queen Matilda founds the Royal , near the Tower of a hospital and sanctuary.
1148
Robert
bishopsExeterChichester, third Norman bishop of Exeter, appropriates rectoral tithes of Branscombe & St. Marychurch, among all the churches
on the manor of St. Peter, to the canons. At the time, these two churches are
held by Hugh de Auco. [cf:1133] First vicar of appointed.
`The tithe system
provides the traditional means of supporting the clergy in England for
centuries. The tradition held that the incumbent was entitled to one tenth of
the produce of the land in his parish. originally, such tithes were payable
only in kind ... There was some controversy as to whether the incumbent should
collect his dues personally, or whether they should be delivered to him by the
farmer. Many incumbents began to accept money in lieu of tithes to avoid
confrontation or expense. In a large parish there could be considerable
difficulties involved in collection, and in many places a farmer could not
harvest his crop until the incumbent had removed his share. The system was open
to abuse on both sides, and disputes over tithes were frequent, lengthy, and
often bitter, as some clergy attempted to claim as much tithe as possible,
while the farmer tried his best to keep payments to a minimum.'[5]
1150
Gothic
architecture develops in the île de France, and spreads to the rest of Europe.
early Paper-making spreads from the world.
Construction of
Angkor-Wat royal sepulchre and shrine, in Cambodia.
1152
`Henry II's
marriage to of Aquitaine was one of a series of
alliances which brought him control of central and western France, ("the Angevin Empire") at the expense of the French
kings.'[6]
1154
End of 's reign (since 1135). monarchsHenry II Plantagenet (of Anjou), Matilda's son, ascends the throne by
agreement.(to 1189)
The Aids in Henry II's time rank Exeter as sixth in the provinces.
The manor of , on the near Plymouth, had come to the Foliot family by King 's time. The manor house was at Warleigh.[7]
Henry II
re-inforces the defenses at Hertford Castle, and orders a stone wall, which is
still there, to be built.
1160
From the 1160s
onwards there are references to a guildhall in , almost certainly standing on its
present site in ExeterHigh Street, and this evidence of a is confirmed by two deeds which refer to
the Stewards of the Gild.
Abott Clement of
Sherborne grants Bovey to Guy Dagville.[8] [cf:1270]
1161
Pope
popesAlexander III canonises monarchsEdward the Confessor. (d.1066)
Chinese invent .
`Renaud de
Courtenay [Courteney], expelled from France and leaving his daughter there,
came to England with his son and was granted Sutton in Berkshire (Sutton
Courtenay) before 1161. His son Renaud (d.1194), acquired broad lands in
1170
Fall of the
Toltecs in central
Thomas a is murdered, at
1175
Foundation of the
first empire in
1176
Bridge re-built in stone in the
12th.century... would last 700 years (1831). Until the middle of the eighteenth
century, it remained the only bridge of the capital. Begun in 1176 by Peter , priest and chaplain (d.1205), on the
same site as the old wooden structure, which he had already repaired at least
once, according to Jusserand. It was completed, after his death, in
1209.
`This was a famous
bridge. No Englishman of the Middle Ages, or even of the Renaissance, ever spoke but with pride of Bridge it was the great national wonder.
All the nation were excited about this great and useful enterprise; the king,
the citizens of
1185
Zen Buddhism founded, in
The Knights
Templars build , off Fleet Street, . (still survives)
1189
End of
monarchsHenry II's reign (since 1154). His son,
monarchsRichard I Lionheart ascends the throne (to 1199).
1191
The manor of
Paddington is given, by the Abbot Walter, to the Convent of St.Peter's,
1193
In
1195
Feudal system of
government replaces centralised administration in
1199
End of
monarchsRichard I Lionheart's reign (since 1189).
monarchsJohn ascends the throne (to 1216).
`The five names,
Henry, John, Richard, Robert and William, together accounted for 38% of
recorded men's names in the twelfth century; for 57% in the thirteenth; and for
64% in the fourteenth.'[13]
© 1996-2006 Ronald Branscombe
Email: genealogy (at) branscombe (dot) net
[1] Platt, p.25
[2] Charles Worthy, The History of the Suburbs of
[3] Morey, Bartholomew
of
[4] Gareth Rees, New Scientist,
[5]
[6] Platt, p.56
[7] Tamerton Foliot cf: Adam de Branscombe 1346/Coplestone
[8] Bovey House brochure, 1993
[9] Wagner, English Genealogy, p.39
[10] Jusserand, 1891, p.49
[11] Walford, Old
[12] Cave-Browne,
[13] P.H. Reaney, The Origin of English Surnames,
Routledge & Kegan Paul,